Claude Nicolas Ledoux, architect of neoclassical art and visionary of the Age of Enlightenment, through cubism, surrealism is recognized today as one of the very first architects of its time. Inspired by antiquity, he draws volumes with precise and balanced geometry. His credo was the well-being of man in a healthy organization of work.
Surrealism is a movement first literary then artistic, defined and theorized by the French poet André Breton in 1924. It was largely inspired by the irrational aspect of the horrors of the First World War. In the back, we don't always understand why we have come to this.
Short biography - Within the prestigious cohort of great names in 19th century French poetry, Charles Baudelaire occupies a significant place. His best-known work, Les fleurs du mal, brought him many legal setbacks. Both the forerunner of a modern aesthetic called "supernaturalism" and a recognized literary critic, he served as a model for many French poets, including the brilliant Paul Verlaine and Arthur Rimbaud.
Short biography - French poet with precocious genius, Rimbaud will have marked literature as much by his life, which the myth took hold of, as by his unprecedented work, at the basis of the modern poetic revolution and source of inspiration for the current surrealist. His passionate and tumultuous relationship with Verlaine would become legendary.
Louis I said "the Pious" or "the Debonair", King of the Franks and Emperor of the West (814-840) is the son and successor of Charlemagne. From the start of his reign he was faced with the problem of his succession, which he tried to settle through the Ordinatio Imperii. Louis the Pious, however, maintains a certain political stability and will exercise his power under the strong influence of the prelates.
The capture of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, a militarily insignificant event of considerable symbolic significance, is a milestone in the French Revolution. That day, the city of Paris was shaken by a series of riots (which had started several days ago), and marked by symbolic acts.
1955: American actor James Dean dies in traffic accident in California at age 24. 1946: International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, Germany finds 22 Nazi leaders guilty of war crimes and sentences 12 to death for & 34; crime against humanity & 34 ;.
1957: The USSR puts the first artificial earth satellite Sputnik I into orbit. 1938: The rupture of the head of government Edouard Daladier with the Communists marks the end of the Popular Front. 1830: Belgium becomes independent from the kingdom of the Netherlands. 1824: Proclamation of the Republic of Mexico.
Short biography of Voltaire - Hailed as one of the most famous French writers, Voltaire also emerges as one of the most important leaders of the Enlightenment philosophical current. Once a spy, he was the greatest "journalist" of his time, his abundant correspondence reflecting a century of events and thoughts.
1948 - First conference in London of representatives of the British colonies in Africa. 1943 - Russians cross the Dnieper, north of Kiev, while the Germans retreat. 1853 - France takes possession of New Caledonia. 1688 - Start of the War of the League of Augsburg: Louis XIV is opposed to almost all of Europe.
La naissance et l& 39;expansion de Rome sont un des éléments les plus important de l& 39;Antiquité. La Rome antique a submergé tout le monde Méditerranéen, assimilant et soumettant des civilisations jusque là triomphantes comme la Grèce ou Carthage. Mais cette dilatation de la cité romaine semble bien improbable au Ve siècle av.
The Great Western Schism began in 1378, in a period of serious crisis for the medieval West, not only with the Hundred Years War, but also with the various upheavals that agitated the papacy, especially in its confrontation with the King of France, Philippe le Bel. This first led to the installation of the Pope in Avignon from 1309, opening a period of almost forty years which saw the Catholic Church torn apart.
1977: Visit of Egyptian President Sadat to Israel, prelude to the Camp David accords. 1942: Counterattack at Stalingrad by the Red Army, which encircles German forces. 1919: The US Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles. 1809: The French defeat the Spaniards at Ocana and occupy all of Andalusia, with the exception of Cadiz.
From the middle of the 19th century, artistic inspiration broke with figurative art, ancient themes and classicism: the paintings of natural landscapes by Degas, Monet or Renoir inaugurated the “impressionist” current. Later, Paul Cézanne's influence on early 20th-century painting is decisive.
The Iran-Iraq war is an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq between 1980 and 1988. By breaking off hostilities on September 22, 1980, Saddam Hussein had counted on a meteoric offensive and on a short war which will make his country the first power in the Middle East. This ambition will not stand up to the harsh reality of a bitter conflict, one of the most devastating of the twentieth century, which will not end until eight years later.
Short biography - Victor Hugo dominated French literature in the 19th century and is considered the leader of the Romantic movement. Author of the novel Les Misérables and the collection of poetry Contemplations, he is presented as a committed writer, emblematic symbol of the Third Republic and resistance to the Second Empire.
Sparta was a deeply original city in ancient Greece that had similarities to some of the cities of Crete where the populations were of Dorian origin. It marked the spirits since Antiquity by its severe character with a model of educational violence imposed on the young Spartans but also with the fate reserved for the majority of the Lacedemonian slave population (the helots).
On September 11, 2001, the United States was struck by a terrorist attack, before the eyes of the whole world. The consequences were immediate with, as early as October 2001, the attack on Afghanistan by the United States and its allies, under a UN mandate. Ten years later, the troops are still there, but the mastermind of the attacks, Osama bin Laden, has been killed by US special forces.
The Battle of Valmy is the first military victory of the French revolutionary army, won against an Austro-Prussian army (reinforced by French emigres) on September 20, 1792. Against all expectations, after a strong cannonade, a beautiful harangue by Kellermann near the famous Valmy mill, a few brief skirmishes and a demonstration of the Prussian infantry which did not shake the resolution of the French lines, the allies withdrew from the battlefield.
A key figure in the reign of Louis XIV, Sébastien le Prestre Marquis de Vauban was a specialist in siege and fortification techniques. Coming from the gentry, he enjoyed a rich but eventful career in the service of the Sun King, for whom he exercised his talents as a military engineer.
